Anthropology as a foundational discipline and underlying structure for many human and religious sciences, has perpetually stood at the center of attention for Islamic thinkers. This study, by focusing on the opinions of Martyr Seyyed Mohammad Baqer Sadr and utilizing an analytical-library research method, aims to explicate the principles of his theological anthropology. The research findings indicate that Martyr Sadr's theological anthropology is established upon three fundamental axes: "Theological Foundations," "Ontological Foundations," and "Social Foundations." Within the theological axis, key concepts such as the historical norms governing human existence, the perception of religion as a divine and historical norm, and the necessity of human emulation of the ideal paradigm (al-Mathal al-A‘lā) have been emphasized. Under the ontological foundations, the existential dimensions of the human being and the body-soul relationship based on the theory of substantial motion, along with the balance between sensory and rational aspects in the path of human cognition and development, have been thoroughly investigated. Regarding the social foundations, in addition to explaining the collective responsibility of the Ummah towards divine norms and their worldly consequences, the unique role of divine governance as the executor of divine laws and the facilitator for achieving human felicity in both worldly and otherworldly realms has been examined. This research ultimately strives to, through extracting and systematizing these foundational elements from Martyr Sadr's works, present a systematic and comprehensive depiction of the human being as conceptualized within his intellectual framework.